Glucose Level Monitoring Using Large Bandwidth Wearable Microstrip Antenna

Abstract

Monitoring blood sugar levels are important for several reasons. To effectively manage diabetes, glucose level monitoring is essential for preventing complications, improving quality of life, and advancing current medical research. This study investigates the idea of using microstrip antennas, which are lightweight and tiny, to track blood glucose levels. The dielectric characteristics of the blood alter in response to changes in blood glucose levels, which has an impact on the microstrip antenna's resonant frequency that was applied to the body. It is possible to determine real-time glucose levels increase or decrease by examining these frequency shifts. The variation in glucose levels is directly proportional to the antenna operating frequency. There are two antennas used: one with a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz and another with a bandwidth of 200 MHz made of jeans. Large bandwidth antennas offer the greatest frequency shift in response to variations in blood glucose levels. Two on-body sites were selected for observing glucose levels, one is a finger and the other is the arm. High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software was used to perform this study. The blood layer dielectric constant falls and the antenna's output frequency rises with rising glucose levels. Specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis is also carried out to check the effect of RF radiation. The study highlights the potential of microstrip antennas in improving glucose monitoring systems while reviewing recent developments and discussing wearable technologies and portable medical devices.