Optimal Tuning of PI Controller for Automatic Generation Control in Multi-Area Power Systems Using PSO for Enhanced Load Frequency Control

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach for improving the load frequency performance in Multi Area Automatic Generation Control. The administration and regulation of certain components of a large hydrothermal power plant are challenged by the connectivity generated by wind power plants with varying ratings. Frequency transfers fall short when the generator's shaft speed falls below a predetermined threshold and the system frequency diverges from the intended value. Variations in the load demand are the source of this. In this work, a proportional-integral (PI) controller controls several parameters of an interconnected power plant. A PI controller ensures that such a power system runs as intended. The parameters of PI controllers are optimized using several readily available optimization techniques, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Each algorithm uses a different cost function, like the square error multiplied by integral time, to evaluate the controller parameter (ITSE) and determine the most practical controller parameter choice. When several parameters need to be tuned at once, this trial-and-error process becomes quite time-consuming. A quicker and more effective method for optimizing various gains in load frequency management is the optimized-based approach or PSO. An integrated thermal, wind, and hydropower system created with MATLAB/Simulink has been simulated to evaluate the proposed model. Additionally, this study provides an overview of the effects of optimization strategy in the context of varying load scenarios.