Managing Congestion in High-Density Networks using Triple Designated Path Routing Algorithm

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide adaptable and effective solutions for various industrial applications, particularly downstream oil and gas pipelines. Given the extensive spread of pipelines in this sector, wide communication coverage is necessary, which requires nodes to be arranged in a grid pattern. Initial performance evaluations using reactive (AODV) and proactive (OLSR) routing protocols identified several issues as the network size increased. These issues, primarily due to higher loads, include packet loss, decreased throughput, energy waste, and un-equal distribution of network resources, all leading to network congestion. A novel routing algorithm known as the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Dual Triple Grid (AODVDTG) has been developed to tackle these issues. This algorithm aims to improve routing stability by minimizing the number of control packets and facilitating smoother packet transmission. It achieves this by categorizing traffic into two distinct paths: triple and dual interleaving, based on the x and y-axis coordinates. Substantial enhancements in network performance were observed when comparing the proposed AODVDTG algorithm with established routing protocols such as AODV and OLSR.