Application of Mobile Phone 3D LiDAR Scanning and BIM in Heritage Documentation: A Case Study

Abstract

This research explores the integration of mobile phone–based 3D LiDAR scanning and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for heritage documentation, focusing on the 12th-century Chenna Keshava temple in Kaidala, Karnataka. Using an iPhone 13 Pro Max, point cloud data were captured and processed in Autodesk ReCap, then converted into Historic BIM models within Autodesk Revit. The workflow enabled accurate reconstruction of complex geometries, including sculptural ornamentation and non-uniform architectural features. Results show that consumer-grade LiDAR devices can generate sufficiently dense and precise datasets to support reliable HBIM modeling, providing outputs such as floor plans, sections, and structural assessments. Compared with traditional methods like manual surveying and photogrammetry, mobile LiDAR offers greater efficiency, improved spatial accuracy, and reduced intrusiveness, though challenges persist in handling noisy data, interoperability, and limited resolution relative to professional scanners. Overall, the study demonstrates the viability of mobile LiDAR as an accessible tool for heritage documentation, while emphasizing the need for standardized workflows and automation to enhance conservation and restoration practices.